None和Nothing
江苏铜山郑集中学 宋德富 张美兰
先请看这么一道选择填空题：
I wanted some more coffee but there was ________left．
A. any B．nothing C．no D．none
很多同学认为应填nothing，实际上正确答案是none。这就需要弄清楚nothing和none在用法上的区别。
Nothing表示“没有什么(东西)”，前后没有任何范围限制，如：
1．“Is there anything to be said?'’“There's really nothing to be said．'’“有什么可说的吗?”“确实没有什么可说的。”
2．“What have you got?'’“I've got nothing at a11．'’“你有什么呢?”“我一无所有。”
正因为如此，本文开始的那道选择题前的一个分句已具体地讲到coffee，后面就不能用代词nothing了。
None这个代词既能代人也能代物；既能代可数名词，也能代不可数名词，它总是用在一定的范围之内，代替上下文已出现过的名词。试比较下列各句：
3. He never read a book and there were(was)none for him to read． (他从来不读书，也没有一本供他读的书。)
4．Have you bought any clothes?'”‘None．'’(“买衣服了吗?”“一件也没有。”)
6．“What have you bought?”“Nothing．'’(“买了点啥?”“啥也没买。”)
请用none或nothing填空：
1．________ of these things has cost much.
2．“What is on the table?'’“________”．
3．“How many fish did you catch?'’“________.”
4．I have made up my mind, and ________will change it.
5. Lolly has some knowledge of French but I have________.
6. "How much petrol (汽油) is there in the car? “________ !"
7. There is ________ but a card in the box.
8. "Then have you no money at all?""________, madam."
Key: 1. 3. 5. 6. 8. None; 2. 4. 7. nothing
华中师范大学英语系《中学生英语》编辑部
中学生英语1/1989
