五种基本句型与there be结构的转换
江苏铜山郑集中学 宋德富
英语中五种基本句子结构（主系表、主谓、主动宾、主动双宾和主动宾补）在一定条件下都可以与there be结构的句子进行转换，转换的条件是：
一、主语必须泛指；
二，谓语动词必须含有be的一种形式。
请看示范：
主系表结构：Something must be wrong．—>There must be something wrong． ．
主谓结构：No one was waiting．—>There was no one waiting．
主动宾结构：Plenty of people are getting promotion（升级）. —>There are plenty of people getting promotion．
主动宾补结构：Two students have been making the windows clean．—>There have been two students making the window clean．
主动双宾结构：A lot of people are teaching themselves foreign languages．—>There are a lot of people teaching themselves foreign languages．
被动语态：A whole box has been stolen．—>There has been a whole box stolen．
No shops will be left open．—>There will be no shops left open．
综上所述，转换的一般规律是：主语+(情态动词)+be+谓语部分 —>there+(情态动词)+be+主语+谓语部分。
由于there be 结构后面还可以跟定语从句，这样转换的条件可以放宽，原句动词不一定要be，泛指的名词不一定是主语，请看示范：
1．Something keeps upsetting him. —>There is something (that) keeps upsetting him．(有件事老使他不安)
(注；关系代词作主语在there be后的定语从句中可以省略)
2. I'd like you to meet some people. —> There are some people (that) I'd like you to meet.
Exercises: 请将以下各句转换成there be结构的句子：
1. Was anyone around?
2. A girl is putting the kettle on.
3. Is anyone coming to dinner ?
4. A small, grey monkey was wearing my best silk-tie.
5. Several trains were coming into the station at the same time.
6. A lot of fairy tales have been translated into English.
7. A good film will be on at the school cinema next week.
8. 35 people visited the museum, including two foreign friends.
9. Something has happened to him.
10．I have something important to tell you.
答案：
1. Was there anyone around?
2. There is a girl putting the kettle on.
3. Is there anyone coming to dinner?
4. There was a small, grey monkey wearing my best silk-tie.
5. There were several trains coming into the station at the same time.
6. There have been a lot of fairy tales translated into English.
7. There will be a good film on at the school cinema next week..
8. There were 35 people (that/who) visited the museum,, including two foreign friends....
9. There is something (that) has happened to him.
10. There is something important (that) I want to tell you.
上海外国语学院/上海外语教育出版社《英语自学》编辑部
英语自学4/1989
