woundinjurehurtharm

宋德富。张美兰


woundinjurehurtharm均能表示对人肉体上或感情上的伤害。

    这四个表示伤害的动词的含义及其使用场合并非一样。

    Wound指的是外部肌肉的严重撕裂.其损伤很深,它所表示的是有意识地使用武器如枪支刀剑等使对方受伤,因此wound常指在战争中,格斗或打架中的伤害(One gets wounded or receives a wound in war or fighting) 

    1. He was wounded by machine gun fire.他被机枪打伤。

    2Ten people have been killed and two wounded.十人死亡,两人受伤.

    3. The hunter wounded the deer.猎人把那鹿打伤了。

Injure往往是指不小心受伤或某种事故使人受伤,非常指骨头受伤(One gets injured or receives an injury in an accident, and this suggests broken bones. 

    1He had had his leg injured trying to save a mate from a fall of coal.他从煤块塌方中抢救同伴时腿部受了伤。

    2It was really very serious you might have injured him seriously.事情很严重,你可能严重地撞伤了他。

hurt是—个常用动词,它所表示的伤害亦般总是比woundinjure轻得多,它强调的是伤害所造成的痛苦,一般不会影响确关部位的功能,而injure则一定造成受伤部位功能失灵,至少也是暂时不便。如:

1.     She continues to type as fast as ever, though she had hurt her finger, when manicuring her nails.虽然修指甲时她把手指弄伤了,但他打字还是象以前那样快。

请比较:A bird hopped about helplessly as if one of its wings had been injured.

一只鸟无可奈何地跳来跳去,似乎有支翅膀受了伤。

    2Is that tight shoe hurting you/your foot?那小鞋子把你(的脚)弄疼了吗?

Hurt 也可用在事故中,一般说來其受伤程度不如injure,当然我们可以加上一些程度副词来修饰它,如:

    3. The driver hurt himself badly in the accident.司机在车祸中严重受伤。

    4. My little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself.我小儿子从梯子上掉丁下来受了伤。  

 

Harm所表示的傷害比較笼统,经常是一时看不出什么痕迹,常译作“损害”、“损伤”或“坏处”等,如:

1.     Dont harm your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在暗淡的光下看书而伤害了眼隋。

    2. Doctors say smoking harms our health.大夫说吸烟对我们的健康不利。

    3Getting up early won’t harm you.早起对你没有什么坏处。

    4Telling a lie could harm other people.说谎话会伤害别人。

上面四例中的harm换成hurt也是完全可以的。

 

hurtharm有时还可用于无生命的东西:

    l. I hope the rain won’t hurt your new dress.我希望这场雨不会淋坏你的新衣服。

    2There was fire in our streetbut our house wasn’t harmed at a11.我们街上失火了,但我们家的房子却安然无恙。

总的说来,战争、打仗、打猎等用刀枪等武器有意伤害的用wound,事故中无意伤害的用injure,或hurthurt的伤害要比woundinjure轻得多,它处于injure和表示笼统损害的harm中间,并可以替换它们.在表示伤害情感时,则多用hurt

 

英语学习3:1993.jpg

      北京外国语学院《英语学习》编辑部

     英语学习3/1993