两种形式的被动语态
江苏铜山郑集中学 宋德富
由动词“say，think，feel，expect，etc.+宾语从句”构成的句子有两种被动语态。怎样将下面的主动句变为被动语态呢?
1．They say that he knows some well-known people． (他们说他认识一些名人。)
2．Everyone thought that the Government had paid much attention to public opinion．(大家认为政府很注意公共舆论。)
3．People felt that she was doing well in her work．(人们认为她工作干得不错)
要将以上三句改成被动语态；一种方法是将主句改成“It (was)said(thought，felt)that…”结构，将宾语从句放在that之后，宾语从句变成了主语从句；
1．It is said that he knows some well-known people.
2．It was thought that the Government had paid much attention to public opinion．
3．It was felt that she was doing well in her work． ’
另一种方法是将宾语从句中的主语作为被动句的主语，把宾语从句中的谓语动词变成动词不定式，这种动词不定式称作主语补语：
1．He is said to know some well-known people．
2．The Government was thought to have paid much attention to public opinion．
3．She was felt to be doing well in her work．
请注意：如果名词从句中的时态和主句的时态一致，动词不定式用一般式(如句1)；如果名词从句中动词的动作先于主句中谓语动词的动作，动词不定式用完成式（如句2)；如果名词从句中的谓语动词是进行式，动词不定式用进行式。
用谓语动词动词不定式的适当形式填写到下列句子的空白处。
1. It is considered that she is a good teacher.
She ____________ a good teacher.
2. It is said that our country is thinking of sending up a new satellite.
Our country _________________ sending up a new satellite.
3. It was believed that the fire had been caused by a piece of burning paper.
The fire _____________ by a piece of burning paper.
Answers: 1. is considered to be. 2. is said to be thinking of.
3. is believed to have been caused
华中师范大学外语系《中学生英语》编辑部
中学生英语11/1985
