Approximately, about, around, roughly辨析
徐州 张美兰
Approximately, about, around和roughly都可以和一个数字连用,表示一个大概的数量、长度、年、时间等,其区别如下:
一、 Approximately表示非常接近有关的数字,其间的区别可以忽略不计。为了强调其“精确”的含义,可将它译作“差不多就是…”如:
1. It was approximately 100F in the shade. 阴凉处差不多就是华氏100度。
Π is approximately 3.14159. Π差不多就是3.14159。
2. There were approximately 50 people there. 那里差不多有50人。
3. In 1975, approximately 250,000 computer systems were in use in the United States. 1975年美国应用电子计算机系统的数字差不多已经是25万。
二、about经常可以与approximately换用,但它并不象后者那样强调“十分接近”,我们常把它译作“大概”,“,,,的左右“,例如:
1. A hat costing about two pounds. 一顶大约值两英镑的帽子。
2. reaching home at about lunch time 中午饭前后到家
三、around(或round)没有about那么正式,其含义与about相同,不强调“十分接近”,如:
to go to bed around midnight差不多是半夜上床睡觉
invite around fifteen people to a party邀请大约15人参加聚会
四、在并不想或无法表达得很精确时人们常用roughly,相当于汉语的“粗略”,“也许…”等,例如:
The cost of the car repair was estimated at roughly twenty pounds.匡算一下修车费大概是20英镑。
The population of London is roughly 8,000,000.伦敦人口的粗略数字差不多八百万。
因此这四个副词所表达的与其后面的数字之间的距离,从较远到非常接近的顺序应该是:roughly, about和around, approximately
大连外国语学院《英语知识》编辑部
英语知识4/1992