怎样认准双宾结构的句型
江苏铜山郑集中学 宋德富
英语中有这样一类动词，它们需要两个宾语，一般来说一物一人，人为间接宾语在前，物为直接宾语在后。（以下简称“直宾”，“间宾”），如：
He gave the girl a doll.
He bought the girl a white hat.
I asked John a question.
当我们交换两个宾语的位置时，必须在间宾前加上一个合适的介词：
He gave a doll to the girl.
He bought a white hat for the girl.
I asked a question of John.
极少数动词所构成的双宾句型是不允许直宾提前的：I strike him a heavy bow.但不能说：*I strike a heavy bow(to, of, for) him.
双宾句型一般都有两种形式的被动语态：
A doll was given (to) the girl.
The girl was given a doll.
间宾前究竟用to, for和of中的哪一个介词呢？笔者对中学英语课本的双宾动词作了调查，结果如下：
TO（to后的宾语为实际接受着）bring, give, hand, lend, offer, owe, promise, read, show, teach, throw, pass, take, pay, send, wish, etc.
FOR（for后面的宾语为意向接受者）find, make, order, save, spare, get
OF ask
TO/FOR do, leave
双宾句型从表层上看很容易与以下句型混淆：
一、不是双宾而是名词作宾补：
They all thought him a clever boy.
He was thought a clever boy.
* A clever boy was thought him.
* They all thought a clever boy (to, for, of) him.
二、不是双宾而是一个名词作宾语+带to的介词短语：
The teacher explained the sentence to us.
The sentence was explained to us.
*The teacher explained us the sentence.
*We were explained the sentence.
三、不是双宾而是一个名词作宾语+带for的介词短语：
I thanked him for the gift.
He was thanked for the gift.
* I thanked him the gift.
*The gift was thanked him.
四、不是双宾而是一个名词作宾语+带of的介词短语：
The policeman warned him of the danger.
He was warned of the danger.
*The policeman warned him the danger.
*The danger was warned (of) him.
【练习】请用（✓）勾出双宾句型的句子：
1. The king made him a minister.
2. I’ll make you some fresh tea.
3. She made him a good husband.
4. He always says “yes” to his gather.
5. Mr. Green announced the news to his friends.
6. I found him a smart person.
7. Can you find me a large one?
8. They must pay a high price for it.
9. The shop owner paid him $25 a week.
10. He left Mr. Smith for a new boss.
11. Please leave a message for me.
12. I suggest a way out to her.
13. The officer wished the businessman a pleasant journey.
14. He asked the reason of him.
15. Somebody robbed Jack of a gold watch.
Key: 2,7,9,11,13,14
北京师范大学 《中小学外语教学》编辑部
中小学外语教学7/1986
