英语中表示商品贵贱的几个形容词

 

张美兰

 

英语中表示商品贵贱的形容词有expensive, inexpensive, high-priced, low-pricedcostlydearcheap等。现对它们的含义作一简单的分析。

1expensive它和expense (n.花费)是同根词,意为“要花很多钱的”(costing a lot of money),指外形美观、质量较好的商品,如:to live in an expensive flat(住在很阔气的一套房间里)to frequent expensive restaurants(常去高级餐馆)

expensive常含有奢侈或浪费之意,如to have expensive tastes in clothes and wines(穿衣喝酒十分讲究)

有的东西不一定十分高级,但比买者原先想的要贵或者超出了他的支付能力,也可称做expensive。例如:

This is a beautiful coatbut it is too expensive for me.这件外衣挺漂亮,可惜对我来说太贵了。

We really don't need such a big expensive car我们真的不必花这么多钱买这么大的车子。

 

2inexpensiveexpensive的反义词,意为“花钱少的”(costing a little),但并不意味着质量不好,常有“价廉物美”、“经济实惠”的含意,如inexpensive paperback books(很实惠的平装书)。义如:

This inexpensive car gives good mileage.这辆价钱不贵的汽车能跑长途。

 

3costly意指需要极大的费用(very great expenditure)的,含有豪华奢侈(sumptuousness)、稀有珍贵(rarity)、工艺精致(fine workmanship)等意味。例如:a costly diamond necklace(珍贵的钻石项链)costly Persian rugs(豪华的波斯地毯)。又如:

Dainty and costly dress was second nature to her. 美昧佳肴和奢华服饰是她的第二天性。

此外,costlyexpensive部可以指那些在精力、时间或金钱方面消耗极大,代价很高的事情,如:

A long illness is an expensive misfortune for the average family.长期卧病对普通家庭来说是难以负担的灾难。

This is a costly war in terms of the number of men killed and wounded.就死伤的人数来说,这是一场代价极高的战争。

 

4dear 主要指因暂时供货不足而价格上涨的普通物品。例如:

In the middle of the summerfresh oranges are dearbut in the winter monththey are cheap. 盛夏时新鲜的桔子很贵,而在冬季就便宜了。

During World Warnylon stockings were very dear and hard to come by  第二次世界大战期间尼龙长袜价钱很贵,并且很难买到。

Most people aspire to own expensive or costly thingsbut not those that are dear or high-priced.大多数人渴望拥有高级的、豪华的东西,而不是拥有售价贵的东西。

 

5cheap 一个用法是修饰货源充足、容易生产、又有实用价值的价钱很便宜的(very inexpensive or low-priced)商品。例如:

  Linseed is a cheap and excellent source of protein for stock food.麻子是一种既便宜又极合适的喂牲畜的蛋白质饲料。

Cheap 还可以指与通常的价格和价值比较低廉的或削价的商品,这时它的意思与dear正好相反,如:cheap shop(廉价商店),a cheap trip(車船减价旅行)。再如:

When the market is glutted vegetables are cheap.当蔬菜充斥市场时,它的价格很便宜。

Cheap is dear in the long run. (proverb)从长远角度看来价廉就是昂贵。(谚语) 

此外,cheap也可指那些低劣的、质量差的、冒充好货的次品。如:cheapflashy furniture sold on hire purchase(按分期付款购买的质量低劣的华而不实的家具)cheap fur coats made of dyed rabbit skin(用染色的免皮制成的蹩脚毛皮大衣)

 

6high-pricedlow-priced  

这两个词是最一般的用语.它单纯地指价格高或低,没有什么特殊的含意,不涉及商品的真正价值、质量或购买者的评价,例如:

Sales goods are generally low-priced.处理品一般价格较低。 

Houses in some parts of the country are low-priced compared to others  跟别处比较,这个国家某些地方的房价较低。

最后需要注意的是,汉语中“价钱贵”不能说The price is dear (或pensivecostly),应该说The price is high.“价钱便宜”不能说The price is cheap(或inexpensive),应该说应该说The price is low. 

 

科技英语学习6:1998.jpg

      上海交通大学科技英语中心《科技英语学习》编辑部

      科技英语学习6/1998