suffer /ˈsʌfə/ vt. & vi. 1. 遭受(痛苦、不幸等)：suffer heavy losses遭受重大损失；suffer pain (poverty)遭受痛苦(贫穷)煎熬 Business has suffered since the war. 开战以来生意受了损失。2.受(…)苦(损)，患…病：suffer from 患病，受病痛折磨：suffer a great deal from cold and hunger饱受饥寒之苦； suffer from shock休克 suffer with 因…受苦：He suffers terribly with migraines. 他患有严重的偏头痛。3. 忍受，容忍：I’ll suffer this rudeness no longer! 我再也不能容忍这种无礼行为。France will no longer suffer the existing government. 法国再也不能忍受现任政府了。I will not suffer such conduct.我不能容忍这种行为。4. 容许，允许：He suffered nobody to touch his flower. 他不允许任何人碰他的花。
suffering /ˈsʌfəriŋ/ I. n. 1.［u］(统指)痛苦，苦难：I hope this would end my suffering. 我希望这会结束我的痛苦。He died without much suffering. 他死的时候没有多少痛苦。 2.(种种)痛苦，苦难(常用pl.，不与序数词和不定冠词连用)：the sufferings of the poor 穷人的苦难；have pity for other’s sufferings同情他人之痛苦 ‖II. adj.受苦的，受难的：suffering mortals 受苦的人们
