hard /hɑ:d/ I. adj. 1. 坚硬的： as hard as rock 坚如磐石；a hard nut to crack (喻)难题；难以对付的人The snow has frozen hard.雪已经冻硬了。2.困难的(=difficult): She found it hard to make up her mind. 她发觉她难以下决心。It’s hard to say which is better. 很难说哪一个更好。3.不舒适的，痛苦的：have a hard life过艰难的生活 4.严厉的：be hard on sb.对某人要求严厉 5. 强烈的，烈性的：a hard blow 沉重打击；a hard wind 强劲的风 ‖II.adv.1.努力地，费力地：work hard 努力工作; study hard 努力读书; think hard 费心思考; pull hard 用力拉; push hard 用力推 2.猛烈地，严厉地 (=heavily): It is raining hard.雨下得很大。
harden /ˈhɑ:dn/ vi. & vt.（使）变硬，（使）变得坚硬: Clay hardens when it becomes dry. 粘土干了就变硬了。The soft concrete will harden till it is like stone. 软的混凝土将变硬，像石头一样。They harden clay by putting it in a fire. 他们把粘土放进火里以使它变硬。Dennis is becoming hardened to failure. 丹尼斯在失败面前逐渐变得坚强起来。
hard-line /hɑ:dlain/ adj.主张采取强硬路线的，毫不妥协的：What makes things different today is more hard-line positions on both sides. 双方更加强硬的立场是造成如今形势差异的原因。
