by

by /bai/ I. prep. 1.在…旁： Come and sit by me.过来坐在我身旁。2.通过，经由，取道：by bus(water, air) 乘公共汽车（船，飞机）I’ll go to Japan by Canada. 我将经加拿大去日本。3.从…旁经过(常与go, walk, pass等动词连用): He walked by me without noticing me.他从我身旁走过，没注意到我。4.不迟于；到…为止：By this time tomorrow, I’ll be here.到明天这个时候，我会到这儿。［考句］ By the end of this month, we surely will have found a satisfactory solution to the problem.到本月底，我们肯定能找到一个满意的解决问题的办法。［考句］By the time he arrives in Beijing, we will have stayed here for two days.当他抵达北京时，我们将已经在北京呆了两天了。［考句］By the time you get to New York, I shall have left for London. 你到纽约时，我早就动身去伦敦了。5.被，由：The play was written by Shakespeare.此剧为莎士比亚所写。6.按照：It’s 10:45 by my watch. 我的表10点45分。 7.相差： to miss the train by 10 minutes 差10分钟没赶上车［考句］Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded by 27%. 1994年至1997年间，海外游客的数量增加了27%。8.由于 by mistake由于差错: Maybe somebody took your book by mistake. 也许有人错拿了你的书。by all means务必，当然：Do it by all means.务必做这事。“Can I borrow your bike?”“By all means.” “我能借用你的自行车吗?” “当然可以”。by means of 以…方式：Thoughts are expressed by means of words. 思想是用语言表达的。by oneself 独自一人：He has finished the work all by himself.他完全独自一人完成了工作。by this means以这种方式：Only by this means can we learn English well. 只有通过这种方法，我们才能学好英语。by and by不久以后，不久： He’ll come back by and by. 他很快就会回来。by and large总的说来；大体上：Mammals have, by and large, bigger brains than reptiles.总的说来，哺乳动物的脑比爬行动物大。by any chance万一，也许：Were you looking for me by any chance?有可能是在找我吗？by chance/accident偶然地：I met him by chance on my way home. 我在回家的路上偶然遇到了他。by far 很，非常(用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级或最高级，以加强语气)：This is better by far. 这个好得多。The Pacific is by far the largest ocean and covers almost half of the total ocean area. 太平洋绝对是最大的一个洋，几乎占海洋总面积的二分之一。by surprise 出其不意地：I took him by surprise. 我出其不意地抓住了他。by the by/bye顺便提一句；插上一句：Where's Hector, by the by?顺便问一句，赫克托在哪？by the end of 到…结束时：How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上学期末为止你们学了几首英语歌曲? by the time (when) 到…时候为止： By the time he was ten, Edison had already built a small chemistry lab of his own. 爱迪生10岁的时候，已建起了自己的小化学实验室。by then 到那时(常与过去完成时和将来完成时连用)：By then he had served in the army for 10 years.到那时他在部队服役已10年。［考句］My train arrives in New York at 8 o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there will have left by then.我乘坐的火车要到今晚8点到纽约，到时我转乘的飞机已经飞走了。‖II.adv. 1.在旁边，去旁边，从旁边：go(fly, drive, hurry, stand) by 走（飞，开车，急忙）过去；stand by袖手旁观 2.过去，已往：The happy days went by.那些快乐的日子过去了。Summer flew by.夏天很快过去。

［辨析］by与near都表示“在附近”，但by表示离得更近，near表示离得稍远。如： We live near the sea.我们住得离海很近(也许有十来里远)。We live by the sea.我们住在海边(可以看见海)。